The seismic and vertical movements observed in the Campi Flegrei region over the past four decades have become the focus of a groundbreaking study, recently published in the journal Earth and Planetary Science Letters. This collaborative effort between the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology and University College London offers valuable insights into the geological intricacies of this volcanic area.
As scientists delved into 40 years of data about the seismic activity and ground movements within the Campi Flegrei region, they sought to create a comprehensive map detailing the composition of the underground layers. The findings of this study point towards the presence of two distinct rock levels at depths of 1 and 3 kilometers, playing a crucial role in shaping the vertical movements and seismicity of the region.
The first of these rock levels, situated between 1 to 1.5 kilometers below the surface, coexists with a second layer positioned at approximately 3 kilometers deep. These layers exhibit unique chemical and physical properties, contributing significantly to the seismic phenomena observed in Campi Flegrei. It is noteworthy that similar rock levels are identified in other volcanic systems characterized by high temperatures and fluid circulation, highlighting the universality of these geological features.
The seismic activity primarily concentrates around these two rock levels, with the intricate interplay of forces and pressures within the Earth’s crust giving rise to observable movements and events. Stefano Carlino, affiliated with the INGV Vesuvian Observatory and a contributor to the study, underlines the pivotal role of these rock layers in controlling the vertical movements and seismicity in Campi Flegrei.
Examining the geological evolution of the region over the last few decades, the study reveals that soil uplifts have been instrumental in promoting crustal stretching and partial fracturing. These processes, in turn, facilitate the movement of fluids from the subsoil, leading to a reduction in pressure at depth. This intricate dance of geological forces provides a compelling narrative of the geological activity beneath the surface, painting a dynamic picture of the Campi Flegrei volcanic system.
Stefania Danesi, the first author of the study from the INGV, points out the relevance of monitoring Campi Flegrei’s activity, particularly in light of recent seismic swarms. The evolving seismic patterns, when analyzed in conjunction with the geological insights provided by this study, could signify the onset of a distinctive geological phase. The continuous monitoring of these phenomena will play a crucial role in deciphering the implications and potential outcomes of such geological activities.
While these new insights contribute significantly to the scientific understanding of Campi Flegrei’s geological dynamics, it’s important to note that, at present, they do not have direct implications for measures related to the safety of the population. The researchers caution against preemptive conclusions and stress the need for ongoing vigilance and analysis.
As the scientific community advances its understanding of volcanic systems like Campi Flegrei, the information gleaned from studies of this nature becomes instrumental in developing improved forecasting tools. These tools, grounded in a comprehensive understanding of the geological processes at play, offer the potential for more accurate predictions of seismic events and volcanic behavior.
Moreover, the insights provided by this study may contribute to the broader field of volcanology, aiding researchers in unraveling the complexities of volcanic systems globally. The knowledge gained from studying Campi Flegrei’s seismicity and vertical movements serves as a valuable reference point for understanding analogous geological phenomena in different volcanic regions.
In conclusion, the collaborative effort between the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology and University College London represents a significant stride in advancing our understanding of Campi Flegrei’s geological dynamics. The revelations regarding the distinct rock layers and their influence on seismicity open new avenues for further research and exploration in the field of volcanology. As scientists continue to unravel the mysteries hidden beneath the Earth’s surface, the insights gained pave the way for more informed decision-making, enhanced safety measures, and a deeper appreciation of the forces that shape our planet.